Word Choice Immigration, Emigration and Migration

Word Choice Immigration, Emigration and Migration Word Choice: Immigration, Emigration and Migration Albeit firmly related, movement, displacement and relocation have unmistakable implications that you have to comprehend. This will guarantee you can utilize them successfully in your composition. Each of the three words portray the development of individuals (and once in a while creatures) starting with one spot then onto the next. Be that as it may, the right word to utilize relies upon the circumstance. Become familiar with their use beneath. Movement (Arriving) Movement is the demonstration of entering or showing up in another nation of habitation. It would be utilized in a sentence this way: Jesse’s family initially moved to America in 1621. Displacement (Leaving) The word displacement alludes to leaving one nation and moving elsewhere. Migration, similar to migration, is normally a changeless, as opposed to a transitory, move. We would utilize displacement in a sentence this way: Jesse’s predecessors emigrated from England on board the Mayflower. Don’t overlook that movement is spelled with a twofold m, while resettlement just has one! Relocation (Movement) Relocation is the development of individuals or creatures starting with one area then onto the next. This spreads development by and large, in the case of leaving or showing up. At the point when relocation portrays the development of creatures, it is as a rule from a cool area to a hotter one during winter. We would utilize it in a sentence this way: American wild ox relocate huge separations to discover new field. A similar excursion can be portrayed utilizing each of the three words, subordinate upon the perspective. To proceed with the model above, we could state that Jesse’s progenitors relocated when they emigrated from England and moved to America. In the event that you might want further guidance about word decision or scholarly composition, the experts at Proofed can help you today!

Why Intrinsic Motivation Is Better Than Extrinsic Motivation

Natural inspiration gets from getting a charge out of an errand and claiming it. In contrast to outward inspiration, an individual doesn't feel outer strain to empower brilliant execution in an undertaking. He, deep down, performs without outside guarantees or compulsion. This applies to individuals no matter how you look at it. That is, understudies, workers and even relatives. As writers propose, inborn inspiration is better than outward inspiration on account of the accompanying reasons.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Why Intrinsic Motivation Is Better Than Extrinsic Motivation explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Reduces Costs In a hierarchical setting, workers that are inherently propelled decrease costs related with inspiration. Line troughs center more around their work as opposed to investing energy rousing representatives. It likewise lessens the need to take care of persuaded workers. Inherently inspired representatives tackle issue s; take activities without requiring administrative assistance or management (Glor, 2001). Imagination and Innovation Intrinsically persuaded individuals are inventive. They esteem achievements and self-awareness. They infer joy in concocting important accomplishments in the association. This makes them significant at school or in the corporate world. This is show in programming improvement organizations and enterprising endeavors. It likewise prompts authority of a specific point, calling or side interest. Diminishes Unfairness Reward intends to profit terrible conduct badly affects inherently persuaded workers or understudies. It adds up to compensating awful conduct as opposed to debilitating it. The individuals, who get prizes for revising terrible conduct, or staying away from it, don't comprehend the need to accomplish something great from the heart. For instance, if an individual shows up after the expected time at work much of the time and the human asset supervisor presents a reward installment for individuals who come early, individuals who had been showing up sooner than expected may think that its uncalled for. The individuals who had been showing up after the expected time may feel like victors. This makes an awful point of reference (Glor, 2001). Making a Habit Extrinsic inspiration may make a repetitive propensity. This happens when individuals study and exploit the prize framework. Subsequently, the representative or an understudy makes a terrible circumstance that experiences remedial measures to get the prize. An examination in creating nations indicated that lawbreakers and terrible components in the public arena submitted wrongs to wind up in jail explicitly. This is after jail frameworks improved and life from the outside got more enthusiastically. A jail was, along these lines, a place of refuge with food, TV and security. This circumstance may duplicate itself in numerous associations like schools and corporate associations (Cervone, et al. 2006).Advertising Looking for paper on brain research? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Control of Operations In foundations where individuals are outwardly persuaded, the expense of activities is high. These individuals need nearer oversight to take care of business. Close oversight is insufferable to certain individuals, yet others develop and perform better in such circumstances. When employees’ inspiration to work originates from inside, controlling them gets absurd. This is on the grounds that they will clearly take care of business. References Cervone, D. et al. (2006). Self-Regulation: Reminders and Suggestions from Personality Science. Applied Psychology: an International Review, 55 (3): 333â€385. Glor, D.E. (2001). Key Factors Influencing Innovation in Government. The Innovation Journal, 3(2): 1-9. This article on Why Intrinsic Motivation Is Better Than Extrinsic Motivation was composed and put together by client U.S. Operator to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

One week from date free essay sample

I will likewise be utilizing her help hours to do the week by week food shop. Plan: Action When done Feedback/complete pick a cooking meeting Multi week from date of care plan 22/02/201 3 Attend a sanitation mindfulness course 25/02/201 3 Have support at cooking meeting Ongoing Practice aptitudes from cooking meeting in my home 25/03/201 3 Independent in going to cooking meeting Independent in cooking at home Miss Smith has made the arrangement with me and knows about the phases which she should finish. Miss Smith knows she will be going on a sanitation watchfulness course and is additionally mindful that it will be normally refreshed With any changes.There is an input segment for Miss Smith and care laborer to round out en route or when they feel a stage has been finished. This is an open door for Miss Smith to record any worries or positives and the equivalent for supporting staff. We will compose a custom paper test on Multi week from date or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Concurred support: Active cooperation Weekly food shop will pick the day, the shop and what I might want to buy. Cooking meeting will pick the cooking meeting and which ones I might want to join in. This table underneath is a table delivered by me and Chloe. It is concurred I will round out en of these toward the finish of each cooking meeting and each week after week shop.What worked out in a good way/what did you appreciate What didnt go so well/what you didnt appreciate What you would change next time It is additionally concurred that help laborers toward the finish of each meeting will; examine with me about the meeting. Will be given positive and helpful criticism after and during exercises. I will regularly be reminded can pose any inquiries as experience issues requesting help. I have solicited staff could record notes from what she is doing SSL thinks that its hard to compose. Dangers: Have you settled on any options in this arrangement that will expand possibility of hazard.

How to Read Your PSAT Score Report

PSAT Scores Are Out Today. Do You Know What They Mean? PSAT scores from the October 2016 sitting will be released to students on December 12, and you may have questions about what they mean and how you can use them to your advantage. Here's our guide on how to read your PSAT score report. With the release of the redesigned SAT, the CollegeBoard aligned PSAT/NMSQT scores, by creating a vertical score scale that offers insight in to future performance. This new score structure provides more comparative scores across the entire suite of SAT Assessments. Vertical Scale Score The vertical scale scoring system helps students to monitor growth as they progress through high school. Scores are aligned with grade level benchmarks to better indicate areas in need of improvement. Your PSAT Score Report By logging-in to your CollegeBoard account, you’ll have access to all of the scores, plus additional insights tied to each score, that indicate college readiness and how you will perform on the SAT. The home screen will show your more recent scores; click View Details to access additional information. On the Report Details page, Benchmark Scores give you an idea of how you will do on the SAT next year and all scores are color-coded to show areas of strength and weaknesses. Scores reported in green meet or exceed the benchmark, scores in yellow are approaching the benchmark, and scores in red indicate areas where you need to strengthen skills to reach the benchmark. On the Skills Insight page you’ll be able to get a better understanding of what your scores say about your current skills and where you can focus to further show improvement. You’ll also see Mean (average) Scores earned by the typical U.S. test-takers per grade. Finally, percentile ranks show how you compared to other students in your particular grade. The percentile represents the percentage of students whose scores fall at of below your score. The NMSC Selection Index indicates whether you qualify for National Merit Scholarship Program recognition, an academic competition for recognition and scholarships based on PSAT/NMSQT Scores. Each student is automatically screened for the entry requirements. You’ll also receive a paper-copy of your score report from your high school, which will show the same scores and insights. Reported Scores Total Score (1) - is the sum of the two section scores and ranges 320 to 1520 Section Scores (2) - range 160 to 760 and are given for Math and Evidence-Based Reading Writing Test Scores (3) - are in Reading, Writing and Language, and Math and range from 8 to 38 Subscores (7) – these seven scores range 1 to 15 in the following categories: command of evidence, words in context, expression of ideas, Standard English Conventions, Heart of Algebra, Problem Solving and Data Analysis, and Passport to Advanced Math. Cross-Test Scores (2) - ranging from 8 to 38, provide insight in Analysis in History/Social Studies and Analysis in Science Next Steps Once you have an idea of what your scores mean, you can link them to the Khan Academy website for additional practice. Most students will also choose to pursue some level of test preparation. At, our expert tutors have extensive experience helping students prepare for both the SAT and ACT, and can develop a cutomized test prep plan based on your PSAT performance and diagnostic exams. Below are some tutoring score results from students who used tutoring for prepare for the SAT or ACT. Contact us today for more information on our tutoring and test prep services.

Suitability Of Black Scholes Model And Pricing Derivatives Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2713 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Since the Black-Scholes (B-S) Model was proposed, it became a widely used pricing model in the options market. This paper critically discusses the suitability of using the Black-Scholes model for pricing derivatives from two points: its own accuracy and the accuracy of input data. Finally, it is safety to conclude that the B-S pricing model is only the best tool currently. 1 Introduction of the Black-Scholes (BS) option pricing model Since the option firstly came into the market in1973, it became one of the best choices among derivatives for investors to invest, speculate and hedge. Then with the option being extensively and fruitfully applied, a lot of models for pricing are proposed by many researchers after in-depth study and exploration, such as the Black-Scholes (B-S) Model (Black and Scholes, 1973), the Binomial Pricing Model (Chalasani,1999 and Lee, S. Park, H., and Jeon, 2007), Monte Carlo Simulation (Rubinstein, 1981), Finite Difference Method and so on. And the most influential one is Black-Scholes (B-S) model created by Fisher Black and Myron Scholes (1973). It has already been considered as one of the most successful models in applied economics. Based on the assumptions that stock prices follows a geometric Brownian motion and the logarithm of stock prices obeys normal distribution, a portfolio including a stock and its derivative is constructed. The proceeds of two positions in the portfolio are highly negative correlated and the stock earnings (loss) are always offset by derivative securities losses (gains). As the portfolio is risk-free, the yield is equal to the risk-free interest rate in the case of Risk-free in a small time interval. Therefore, the present value of the portfolio is determined by the risk-free rate and the duration. The BS model is as follows: In this expression, ÃÆ'Ã… ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¼ is the instantaneous expected return on the stockError: Reference source not found is the instantaneous volatility of the return, and z (t) is a standard Brownian motion or a Wiener process and S is the underlying asset. According to the model, the Black-Scholes equation, was derived by setting an instantaneous riskless portfolio composed by appropriately weighted stocks, options and bonds. The B-S models specific pricing formulas are as follows: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Suitability Of Black Scholes Model And Pricing Derivatives Finance Essay" essay for you Create order , for the call option, and , for the put option, where Where R is the constant risk-free interest rate and N(x) is the normal cumulative density function, K is exercise price, Error: Reference source not found is the standard deviation of stock returns, T is the time to maturity options. According to Bruno Dupire, implied Black-Scholes volatilities strongly depend on the maturity and the strike of the European option under scrutiny. Then, this problem was solved easily by Merton in 1973. That makes the BS model more applicable. Just like what Black had pointed out during his lifetime, the B-S model for option pricing should really be called Black-Merton-Scholes model. 2 The Suitability of the Black-Scholes (B-S) Model The output accuracy of any theoretical pricing model depends on the exactness of input and the model itself. Therefore, perfect combination of accurate models and accurate input data creates perfect result. Both are indispensable. 2.1 The accuracy of the model itself The accuracy of Model assumptions essentially determined whether the model is a perfect description of the real world. In deriving the B-S model, many important assumes are used: 2.1.1 Market is frictionless market with transaction efficiency (Black and Scholes, 1973) Under this assumption, in essence, it implies that the underlying assets can be freely traded without any restrictions. Everybody is free to borrow funds at the same rate. Undoubtedly, it does not take the impact of taxes into account. However, the markets operation is not without friction in the real world. In some markets, such as Chinas stock market, the underlying asset cannot be traded freely, because there are restrictions on daily change limits. Whats more, there is also a complete ban or limits on short selling in some of the stock market. And sometimes the proceeds from short selling cannot be fully used. Wherefore, if the freedom of short selling is not given, the demand of securing the short equity using the put option will be more intense. This may result in a higher price of the put option than the call option. While options trading are not taxed, almost no one option investment will be better than another under the influence of tax policy issues. Thus, most traders do not usually consider the tax implications. In the real world, traders cannot borrow unlimited funds. If the funds can be borrowed for free, traders can always borrow money, and then put them into the Options Clearing House. Since the lending rates are equal, the Options Clearing House should also pay the interests because of the initial performance bond (margin). Therefore, obtaining the initial performance bond is not a problem. However, traders may be forced to close the contract before expiration of the option because of not making up the maintenance margin. Even if borrowing unlimited funds, traders have to face different interest rates on loans, always higher than lending rates. Finally, if the difference between the rates of borrowing and loading is more obvious, pricing models offer less reliable data. The transaction cost in the options investment is another factor which has to be considered as well. Broker commissions, clearing fees and membership fees and market makers bid-ask spread are all transaction costs. Once considering transaction costs, many investment portfolios theoretically acceptable are often not feasible. 2.1.2 The Stock Pays no Dividends (Black and Scholes, 1973) The B-S model assumes that the stock pays no divides or other distributions. This is clearly an unrealistic assumption. Payment of dividends will increase the intrinsic value of the put option and reduce the value of the call option. As there are protective measures for options paying dividends in the early OTC (Over-the-Counter) market. For example, the adjustment of exercise price is used to eliminate the impact of dividends paid on the option value. But the current contractual terms o f stock options will not be adjusted with cash bonus payment correspondingly in floor trading and the OTC market. Finally, the dividends become an important factor pricing the options. 2.1.3 The Short-Term Interest Rate is Constant through Time (Black and Scholes, 1973) The interest rate is assumed to be risk-free and fixed in the B-S pricing model. In most markets, risk-free interest rate is the interest rates on government securities. However, the actual market risk-free interest rate is usually not fixed but variable. Because the impact of changes in interest rates is a function of the options duration, and most of all listed options contract period of less than 9 months, it is not sufficient to constitute a significant impact on value, unless the interest rate changes to a large extent and the actual value is high. Therefore, the interest rate is not an important factor compared to the underlying asset price or price volatility. But this does not mean that traders can comp letely ignore the possibility of fluctuation in interest rates. Particularly, after the long-term stock options were introduced into the market, the interest rate impact is more and more important. 2.1.4 The variance rate of the return on the stock is constant (Black and Scholes, 1973) The B-S option pricing model assumes that when option expires, the standard deviation of expected returns of stock remain unchanged. That means that the future stock price volatility is constant. But actually, stock price volatility is influenced not only by stock prices, but also by the time the option expires, and other factors. It cannot remain constant in the life of the option. If the stock price volatility associated with stock prices, the stock price may deviate from the lognormal distribution in the B-S pricing model (Corrado, and Miller, 1993). Then pricing error may exist according to the B-S pricing model. If the stock price and volatility are positive correlated, the B-S pricing mode l will tend to underestimate the value of the call option in the virtual the state and overestimate the value of the state of the put option in the virtual the state. When the stock price goes up, the volatility is also rising. That means higher stock price appears in a higher probability in the geometric Brownian motion. Correspondingly, when stock prices fall, the volatility falls down. That means lower stock prices arise in a less probability in the geometric Brownian movement. In contrast, if the stock price and volatility are negative correlated, the B-S pricing model will tend to overestimate the value of call option price in the virtual the state and underestimate the value of the price of a put option in a virtual state for the following reasons. When volatility declined with stock prices rising, a high stock price is difficult to achieve. When volatility increased with stock prices falling, a very low stock price is easy to achieve. 2.1.5 Underlying Asset Price Changes i n a Continuous Manner (Black and Scholes, 1973) The underlying asset price changes have the following three forms (Thomas, Copeland, Fred Weston Kuldeep Shastr. 2010): diffusion form, beating form and diffusion in the form beating. In the diffusion form, the price changes in a continuous smooth manner, such as the changes in temperature, a typical spread in the form. In pure beating form, the prices remained unchanged during a period and then instantly jump to another price, such as changes in interest rates set by Central Bank in China. The same situation continues to happen. The form of beating diffusion is the beat of the combination of the form of diffusion and the forms of beating. In addition to the occasional beating in the price, it changes in a continuous smooth way in general. The BS pricing model assumes that stock price movements are spread in the confusion form, and the transaction will be continuous forever. There is no the price gap existing. Obviously, it is a kind of convenient but not precise form of the hypothesis. The option price of the underlying asset does not render the proliferation of forms in the real world as the Exchange will not open 24 hours a day. There is a closing price at the end of each trading day. The next days opening price is not necessarily equal to the closing price the day before. This is clearly will cause the price spread of the gap and is not allowed by the confusion form. Even in normal trading hours, the proliferation of forms of assumption may not be set up. Once the big news is released in the market, it may result in the price gapped up or down suddenly. 2.1.6 Logarithm of the Stock Prices Obey Normal Distribution at Maturity (Black and Scholes, 1973) The B-S pricing model assumes that stock prices have a lognormal distribution. It means that the logarithm of stock prices conform to normal distribution when the option expires. Actually, the stock price is not strictly logarithmic normal distributio n. The left tail of its distribution curve is a longer length or the right tail rather long and the broad peak is flat or tall. The kurtosis and skewness of its distribution curve is not necessarily zero. If the logarithmic of stock price is not accurate normal distribution at the end of option, it may generate pricing bias. Therefore, it is the BS model that does not depict the world perfectly in some degree. In response to these shortcomings, the options researchers conducted study and exploration of the B-S model in-depth and put forward many amendments to the pricing model. There are a series of amendments (Bakshi. Cao and Chen, 1997), such as the one proposed by Merton in considering of the effects from bonus in 1973, the American call option pricing model made by Roll in 1977, the futures option pricing model established by Black in 1976, the random interest rate pricing model set up by Moton, the stochastic volatility model created by Hull and White in 1987 and the pure ho pping model built by Cox and Ross and so on. Although the extended model is closer to the actual situation in the real world, the increased variables make the complex mathematical structure is more difficult to understand. The accuracy of the input data is also harder to ensure. However, since each of those above models is just an extension of a part of many defects in the model, no model has yet been sent out to overcome all the shortcomings. Even if someone tries to develop such a model, there is nothing but only a bunch of complicated mathematical formula with no practical value will be got. 2.2 The accuracy of model input data Based on the B-S option pricing model, the stock price, exercise price, option period, risk-free interest rate and stock price volatility all are the model input variables. Apart from the volatility, the remaining four variables can be observed directly in the market. Thus, the accuracy of the input data is mainly determined by the volatility (James. Doran. Ehud. Ronn. 2005). Usually, there are two ways for estimating volatility: calculating the standard deviation of returns based on historical stock price data and weighting average on the implicit volatility implied in the market price. In spite of the volatility compared to the data which the model requires may have some bias when the option expires, it is a good approximation. After all it is impossible to get an accurate data on the future. 2.3 The Suitability of the Black-Scholes (B-S) Model Although the B-S pricing model assumptions cannot perfectly describe the real world with many drawbacks, it is still widely used in practice. The reason is that the model is not only easy to understand, but also the model input variables are relatively simple. To some certain extent, this ensures the accuracy of input data. In the practical application process of the B-S pricing model, the actual employees can adopt some simple extension models to overcome its shortcomings. For the random price changes, more trading techniques are utilized to overcome the problem of pricing bias rather than the use of the more complex extended model. Usually, the trading techniques are that taking different pricing volatilities for the different price and different maturity options. There are three specific operating methods as follows: 2.3.1 The Curve of the Exercise Price of Volatility According to the different option exercise prices, actual practitioners calculate the corresponding implicit price volatility and drawn the volatility curves with the changes of the option exercise price. If the curve is concave, it were called the volatility smile curve; If it is convex, it is known as the frown curve. According to the implementation curve of price volatility, it is impossible to estimate the different option exercise prices with different volatilities for the same stock. 2.3.2 The Structure of Volatility Period Actual practitioners can also draw the curve of the structure of volatility period based on the implied volatility. The curve reflects the relationship between the volatility and options expiration time. In the light of the curve, it can price the different option exercise prices with different volatilities for the same stock to show the volatility changes under it duration. 2.3.3 Volatility Matrix A coordinate of the volatility matrix is the strike price and the other coordinate is the time to maturity. The data in matrix are the implied price volatilities calculated from the BS pricing model. If a specific execution price and the option price in expiration date cannot be directly observed from the market, the options implied price volatility can be determined by linear interpolation. When there is a need for a new valuation of options, the corresponding strike price and the implicit pricing volatility in expiration date can be found from the matrix. Actually the relationship between the volatility structure and its changes with the exercise price are taken into account in the volatility matrix. 3 Conclusions Although the B-S pricing model is not very accurate, it is better than other option valuation methods and is still an indispensable trading analysis tool. Most of options traders think that the deficiencies of the BS pricing model should be offset by trading experience rather than more complex models. Owning the B-S pricing model in options market just likes holding a candle into the dark room. Sometimes the flickering candlelight may lead us to judge wrongly. With more and more study and research, there will be more appropriate option pricing model in the future than the B-S pricing model undoubtedly.

The Primary Market Structures And Marketing Efforts, And...

Summary This report looks at the four primary market structures, with a focus on two. Within each of these two market structures, this report will examine an industry, summarizing industry operations and characteristics, advertising and marketing efforts, and the principal-agent problem. Market Structures There are four basic market structures, each determined by the number of firms in the market and the dynamics of competition. They are perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. (Flynn, n.d.) A market structure with perfect competition has a number of firms all offering an identical product. A firm with a monopoly has no competition; this market structure is also called imperfect competition due to the†¦show more content†¦The company’s name became synonymous with film. When Polaroid introduced instant film, it too had a corner on its market as the only company with this technology. In effect, a monopoly restricts free trade as it has no competition. A monopolistic firm is a price setter, having the ability to set the price for a product that has no competition and no readily-available substitutes. (Price Maker, n.d.) Another characteristic of a monopoly is its barriers to entry. These can include high start-up costs, control of natural resources, government regulations or restrictions, patents or copyrights, and exclusive rights. A perfect example of a monopoly is a utility; this report will analyze electric utilities as a monopoly. Perfect Competition Perfect competition, at the other end of the spectrum, has a large number of firms that all make or sell the exact same product, such as beef or milk. These firms are price takers as there is no one firm that can influence price. (Price Taker, n.d.) If one firm tried to raise prices or cut back production to influence supply and demand there are several other companies to which consumers can take their business. Other characteristics of perfect competition include little or no exit or entry barriers, small market share for each competitor, and price transparency to consumers. (Perfect Competition, n.d.) To better understand the concept of perfect competition,

Past Paper free essay sample

Knowledge module Financial Accounting (International) Time allowed: 2 hours ALL FIFTY questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted. Do NOT open this paper until instructed by the supervisor. This question paper must not be removed from the examination hall. The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants Paper F3 (INT) ALL 50 questions are compulsory and MUST be attempted Please use the Candidate Registration Sheet provided to indicate your chosen answer to each multiple choice question. Should details of material adjusting or material non-adjusting events after the balance sheet date be disclosed in the notes to financial statements according to IAS 10 Events After the Balance Sheet Date? A B Adjusting events Non-Adjusting events (1 mark) 2 At 30 June 2005 a company’s allowance for receivables was $39,000. At 30 June 2006 trade receivables totalled $517,000. It was decided to write off debts totalling $37,000 and to adjust the allowance for receivables to the equivalent of 5 per cent of the trade receivables based on past events. Attitudinal loyalty is composed of commitment and trust in the brand and/or organisation which will have impacts on sales both in the short and longer term. This type of loyalty is more likely to be an indicator of the potential longer term relationships that will be possible with given customers. Attitudinal loyalty is also likely to have influence on word of mouth and customer advocacy which may lead to indirect impacts on longer term sales or on costs of servicing customers.

The Lane free essay sample

The shady lane stretched out to run through seems endless at dawn. The shades of the trees and the wavering lake cooled down the path I run through every morning, but my body is still hot like the sun. Every step I make, I can hear my heart pump the blood through my head, my arms, and my legs. Even though the fatigue that blows up my lungs crushes my body and indomitable will to the ground, I would never stop jogging because of the despairs I have felt my whole life. My body started to get plump when I was eight years old. I was fond of eating excessively and was not fond of any physical activities. My waist grew an inch every year and my anxiety grew as well. I often thought about dieting, but I never placed this idea into action. Maybe I was too young to have the strong volition to get in shape. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lane or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I promised myself I would uncover the figure of my body that was concealed by thick layer of mushy fat later in life. As I entered middle school, I felt miserable when I looked at my huge belly in the bathroom. Kids started to become more attentive about their appearance at that age and so was I. Once I realized I could not do a single push up, I wanted to realize the promise I made. I bolt out to the field to jog. However, in a minute, I saw myself panting in the middle of the road and wanting to go home. Furthermore, as I exercised, the desire for the food grew greater and I could not restrain myself. I failed dieting over five times in middle school. The number on the scale was the symbol of my feebleness and I kept scolding myself without a solution. My high school, Culver, is a grateful place for me in many ways. This school helped me to resolve this setback of obesity. I gained the strong confidence that I can become healthier and gain a better looking body and spirit as I loo ked at the wonderfully emerald campus of Culver. I told myself in the bathroom. If I can’t defeat my aˆ?feebleness,’ I would never be able to achieve anything in life. Many setbacks and assignments, which are even more intense, are waiting for me to break through in future. Culver supported me with wonderful facilities and a fresh environment and affluent time. I lost approximately twenty pounds in my freshman year at Culver. To make my assurance doubly sure, I set a healthier routine. I tried not to use my laptop except for academic purpose. While I used to use most of my free time playing computer games, I spent most of my free time exercising and playing sports. The outcome granted me the self-respect, confidence, and willpower. Twenty pounds of fat changed my attitude toward setbacks dramatically. I had been acting impulsively to resolve this setback. However, Culver taught me the way I should act upon resolving a problem: Compose the best environment for the s olution and change the fundamental factor which induces the problem. I am not frustrated by the difficulty anymore, but treat difficulty as an opportunity to reflect upon myself and step up to a better outcome. The setbacks I will face in the future will be more intense and difficult to overcome, but I won’t be so worried about them because I have the confidence to breakthrough.

GPS Technology

GPS Technology Global Positioning System (GPS) is a new satellite-based technology used to track and reveal important information about direction, speed and location of an object in question. The GPS technology is mostly used in the law enforcement operations where it is aimed at locating criminals and enforcing the fundamental traffic rules (Leick, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on GPS Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Types of GPS technology GPS tracking technology The technology uses a GPS tracking device that has a radio receiver, which continuously update the target’s location in real time via a communication link. For this reason, it is ideal for law enforcement activities Emergency GPS technology GPS technology is used enormously in navigation purposes by the ships and aircrafts. The emergency GPS devices have maps and other navigational features that enable reporting in the event of emergencies. GPS N avigation technology Navigation technology uses a GPS receiver and internal road database, which provides the user with a clear view of the surrounding in real time (Snow, 2007). Drivers who are not conversant with a given place can benefit from the technology. Hand-held GPS technology This is the commonly used technology, which operates on a hand-held device. It is popular with outdoor enthusiasts and hikers who often travel to remote and terrain areas. The technology enables the users to develop a virtual flags that can be used to trace back their locations whenever they are lost. Use in law enforcement The use of GPS technology in law enforcement has minimized criminal activities and enhanced the law compliance. The adoption the GPS technology eliminated petty mistakes especially in the transport industry that would go unnoticed though their occurrences were fatal (Leick, 2004).Advertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your firs t paper with 15% OFF Learn More There have been cases of hate speeches and threats send through cell phones by organized gangs to intimidate their victims in order to follow their instructions though cell phone communications. These cell phones have GPS capabilities, which are helpful for the police to track and locate the gang without being noticed (Snow, 2007). Positives and negatives of technology Military Success Just like internet, GPS technology was a military creation but it has become a civilian approach to monitor activities. The U.S. forces were able to navigate through the desert during Gulf war with ease and at the same hitting the targets unnoticed. Business growth With the growing business competition, most business have found it vital to use the GPS technology in collecting business and intelligent geographical data to be used in making business decisions. Emergency rescue services One notable advantage of GPS technology is the ability to locate a vict im who is extremely far or lost. Whenever an accident happens and communication becomes a problem, the GPS device can transmit the exact location so that rescuers can identify the scene and save lives (Leipnik Albert, 2002). Poor interpretation GPS technology may not be useful tool for all people. Data on the GPS devices is important to a person who can interpret them but useless for the one who has no clue about the data. Exploitation of the technology Often, technology always falls into the wrong people with ill intentions. Drug dealers use the GPS technology to monitor their drugs on transit and in drop off points. On the other hand, gang groups can plant GPS units on their victims’ vehicles so as to monitor their movements in order to execute all manner of crime. Overall impacts of the GPS technology Essentially, the use of GPS technology has revolutionized the society both negatively and positively. Movements of people and cargo have become fragile task because of the e mergence of criminal gangs who obstruct to either destroy or hijack in order to steal and kidnap (Leick, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on GPS Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the negative point of view, the GPS technology has made the criminal gang and drug trafficking a lucrative opportunity because it offers a platform to closely monitor their activities without any notice. Therefore, it may be noted that the GPS technology does not subtract or add something but totally changes everything. References Leick, A. (2004). GPS satellite surveying. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Leipnik, M. R., Albert, D. P. (2002). GIS in Law Enforcement: Implementation Issues and Case Studies. London: CRC Press. Snow, R. L. (2007). Technology and law enforcement: From gumshoe to gamma rays. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.

Critically evaluate the effectiveness of crisis intervention in social Essay

Critically evaluate the effectiveness of crisis intervention in social work - Essay Example The social worker should aim at generating this partnership from the beginning, hoping to carry this relationship through until the situation is resolved. This can be done by allowing the service user to identify the issues they face and try to come up with alternate solutions to that of the crisis situation. Social workers are free to suggest an alternative route however they should be careful to try not to impose their thoughts on the service user as they must be free to use their own judgment and consider the best solution for their situation. Some theorists and social workers suggest that crisis intervention does not focus on anti-oppressive or anti discriminatory practice because the nature of the intervention work is to alleviate the presenting crisis situation and not the underlying problems that may precipitate the event. Although models of crisis intervention are intended to be brief, to the point, focusing on the surface issues, social workers can integrate anti oppressive and anti discriminatory practices by working with the service users and including any environmental issues or structural oppression to the action plan. The action taken can either be a recommendation to another agency or by putting into practice another theory to their upcoming work. The definitions of crisis pinpoint a crisis as being a hazardous event. Crisis is described as time-limited periods of psychological distress that people need to overcome, but cannot do so by using tried and tested methods of coping (Caplan, 1964, p.73). The approach of crisis intervention originates from the mental health work and stresses on the prevention and not disease treatment. The formulation of this concept was done by Erich Lindemann and Gerald Caplan from 1940’s and 1950’s, where they researched on how people responded to situations that are psychologically dangerous. It is imperative to take into account that crisis in this case does not mean an urgent situation or disaster,

Ideology of Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ideology of Advertising - Essay Example We live in the age of conspicuous consumption. We are proud of having an opportunity to buy more and more goods and products. We do not realize why do we really need all this stuff, but we DO realize that we really want it! A greedy worm lives inside of our minds and hearts and it eats out our moral principles, while filling the gaps in our minds and hearts with the ideas of greediness. It is better to talk about these related phenomena, i.e. advertising and ideology and explain the way they are related and what this relation means to us. Ideals in Ads "Advertising, as the mouthpiece for capitalism, presents values and assumptions that color consumers" perceptions of reality (Cunnigham 2003, p. 229). It is true, as we have already mentioned, because the pace of our world's development determines the principles of our performance in the real world though we look at reality through a prism of artificially created world of ads. Cunnigham (2003) develops the following argument: "Advertisers’ common defense – if you don’t like the advertising, don’t watch it or don’t buy the products it promotes. But do we have a choice?" We can talk about a specific nature of advertising ideology. Very often not the interests of an individual, which lead to positive results, are taken into account, but a promotion of bad habits is usually adopted by the audience after consuming ads. The advertisement on TV promotes the images of slim women. Vice versa, ads promoting tobacco and alcohol are focused on the audience, which can easily consume these harmful goods. If we talk about ideology of advertising, we should pay attention to the very notion of the concept 'ideology'. This word is derived from the world 'ideal'. Still, this ideal is created by advertising campaigns of different companies. It is evident that attractive butts, appealing eyes, tempting lips and rosy cheeks with high cheekbones are ideal in the modern context for women. They want men to want them†¦ This happened in a different way many years ago. We can see that the modern society is changing and the ideals it promotes are changing too. Unfortunate ly, every individual can hardly differentiate his idealistic allusions from hard realities of the factual world. There is no fire without smoke. Therefore, women appeal for clinical surgery, they are easily driven into temptation while having a strong desire to be slimmer and become anorectic women. The global limits of the world are spreading by means of products, goods and services. We live in the world of colors and dynamism, so we have to get used to rapid changes and paths of current developments. In previous years the companies were interested in the brand's name development, improvement and support. Currently we can see different paths of development. The strategies of advertising are usually reflected in different means of printed media, TV or radio. Nowadays we are absorbed into a picturesque world of billboards, Tweet and Facebook and instant ads have totally grasped our attention! Different means of interactivity and transparency, as well as strategies of innovations impl ementation and creative performance updates are high on the agenda. This fact can be described in the following way: the main idea of the modern ad is focused at the

Henderson The Rain King Essay Example for Free

Henderson The Rain King Essay The great book ‘Henderson the Rain King’ is a masterpiece creation of an imperative American writer who in addition became the source of inspiration for many other writers in the era of 1950s. The author, Saul Bellow’s triumph has been striking enough for he stirred other writers a new-fangled kind of idol and a new type of expressive fashion (High, 12). Bellow’s lead character lives dynamically within his own intellect. In scripting his hero, Saul Bellow has a few characteristic qualities assembled in his works. In this book he crafts a character who at all times seeks various exposures. In this paper I will discuss how Henderson has some pre-arranged stereotypes about Africa and the people there, what he learns from them in the end, how does Henderson `find` him self in Africa and will support all this with examples from the book. This book begins with a radiant portrayal, the thought of a determined victim, the personality of Henderson, and his declaration of having resolved a trouble. Henderson is actually an American hero probing toward maturity, hesitant between a desire to be loved and abandonment from a world which does not care for him as he needs; he is unripe and a victim of his own thoughts and desires. Bellow has sketched a hero who seems to be disgruntled with the truth of his existence. He is suffocating beneath the accumulative specifics of his life even though he appears to contain what people valor wish for; that is assets and position, wealth and love, as he is described by the people of his times. Many feel that the author has actually carved out a character that is none else but the author himself. Many believe that Saul had a mindset or more specifically stereotypes about Africa and its natives that he inks out through this book. In the book through satire and spoof, Bellow provides ridiculous loads of its banalities. Henderson is a mockery of the bizarre, aggressive, artist-hero of the Stephan Daedalus range. Fiddler and pig grower, he is described as a menopausal social outcast and that is what Bellow had the stereotype about the Africans (High, 33). A straight caricature of the Hemingway narcissist, he is solemn, thoughtful, solipsistic, clumsy, and self-centered. He supposes with his Eliotic fisher king forbears that the land is cursed. As Bellow had stereotyped the Africans, the hero in his book, is in reality Bellows reply to an age group of recent writers who retorted with overstated discontent to the botched assurances of Rousseauistic idealism (Ophdal, 62). It is in addition a notable investigation into the incompatible codes of maleness that bothers the contemporary American gentleman. Henderson merges the idealistic maverick, rich capitalist, rough warrior, schlemiel, unattractive American, and spiritual quester in his character of Henderson which speaks volumes about Bellow’s stereotype of the native Africans. Considerably, we find that once when he has been embraced by African classic mother-goddesses, and has taken training from a lioness, he is competent to suppress his previous aggressiveness to his housekeeper whom he has screamed to demise, his daughter whom he has overlooked, and Lily whom he has disgraced and mistreated for years (Bellow, 59). He is after everything else seen taking pride in his lately attained spiritual balance, taking on an orphan kid on the glacial ice cap of Newfoundland. As a final point, the I desire influence in his heart is at rest. Nevertheless, we are left to ponder whether he can uphold this stability found in the simple loneliness of a glacial ice cap inside the collective circumstances of his family unit. It illustrates the distinct survival wit of the Eastern European shtetl and its stereotypes. Bellow in this book claims that literary innovation has formed novels bursting of the communal disorders of our daytime and urbanized a common sense of catastrophe. Bellow, particularly in ‘Henderson The Rain King’ cultivated for American literature a few of the humorist postures, stereotypes, and mythology of Yiddish literature. His principal work of domestication of Yiddish fable is the utilization of comedy to mutually steal from self-pity and augment the actual existential problem of the hero through the wit shambling pursuit depicted in Henderson’s role (Ophdal, 77). Bowel embarks on a journey to defy racially prejudiced legends and uphold racial synchronization. Henderson commences his pursuit sharing in white prejudices against Africans. Though Bellow believed that they were just prejudices, they were deep-rooted in his opinion and tend to propose lucid ineptitude on the part of Africans (Bellow, 87). They contributed in the primitivist national troops of Africa that was suggested by Conrads Heart of Darkness. Ultimately, nevertheless, Henderson is exposed to his love of Western Civilization and takes a massive fabled jump in time. It is a three-part hunt relating sin, penance, and escape. If we analyze how Henderson evolved throughout the narration, we find that there were till the end some traces of the deep- rooted stereotypes present in his personality but as in the novel when it finally started to rain, it actually depicts that Henderson had freed himself from his thoughts and burdens of the images that he always had. It may well be that he in reality resembles other wastrels who have attempted to flee from themselves on voyages to remote places, but, for all his bristle and self-worth, all his sympathy and humbleness, all his obscure references to fine art, writing and times gone by, Henderson remains only a weary cursed with for the most part uneasy stream of fancy chatter in a store of current fiction. He is finally seen to have found peace within himself. The continuous â€Å"want† â€Å"want† screams within him that lead him to the painful journey, were in the end crushed as he contends with the surroundings and learns to accept things that he cannot change. Many readers though still question, whether a character like Henderson can stay content with the peace he found for long. The conclusion of the movements is the track in the stillness of love and decision, the agitated man, the battered animal, and the stray children who have all accomplished shared comfort and salvation.Prayers for rainfall are responded to, the impatient traveler turns in the direction of abode, and the long nights voyage finally reaches day. Works Cited Bellow, Saul (1976) Henderson the Rain King. New York: Viking Press Publishers. High, Peter (1986) An Outline of American Literature. New York: Longman Inc. Ophdal, Keith Michael (1978) The Novel of Saul Bellow: An Introduction. Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania University Press. Majdiak, Daniel. (1991). â€Å"The Romantic Self and Henderson the Rain King† in Bucknell Review: A Scholarly Journal of Letters, Arts and Sciences.

Eulogy for Friend :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Friend My name is Rick. I live in Carmel, California, a place also known as paradise. I work at the US Naval Postgraduate School, as chairman of one of the largest operations research departments in the country. I completed my PhD degree in OR here at Georgia Tech, in 1975. John White (then new to Tech, now Chancellor of the University of Arkansas) gave me the kernel of an idea and, more importantly, he administered the one stiff kick in the rump that I needed to start my dissertation. From then on, I was nurtured and guided by Donovan Young. The Don – don’t ask me why, but I remember graduate students referring to Professor Young as "the Don" – was in many ways the old fashioned, romantic ideal of a college professor. He was so smart, he was so energetic and entertaining, and he was incredibly attentive to students’ needs and interests. He cared about the currency and applicability of what he taught, preparing new notes for each class, devising extremely inventive homework and test problems, always dreaming up new applications. He cared not only about the students’ learning. He cared about them as people. He had passion and compassion. Let me talk about his intellect. Does anyone remember having a childhood fantasy about spying on your elementary school teachers out of school? Usually, those fantasies involved some role reversal. I’ll confess to a fantasy I imagined as a 24-year-old graduate student. I dreamt that all the professors of Georgia Tech’s Industrial and Systems Engineering department were locked in a classroom taking a comprehensive exam. This exam covered every ISyE subject at a fundamental level, and each problem demanded clever insight and creativity. The rules of engagement were simple: closed-book, no time limit, you can’t leave till every question is answered correctly. Got the picture? Quite a scene. Well, guess who left the room first? Yes, I think Don was that smart. My image of the scene even includes the Don’s exit: can’t you picture that big bear of a man who somehow managed to move with lightness, his eyes sparkling, a big Texas grin on his face, and he’s whistling! Has there ever been another person on this planet who could whistle two tunes at a time, out of both sides of his mouth, harmoniously? You have to admit Don’s physicality was impressive. And that voice! If a big Delta jet was flying over the old ISyE Building and Don was lecturing with the windows open, he would drown out the plane. Eulogy for Friend :: Eulogies Eulogy Eulogy for Friend My name is Rick. I live in Carmel, California, a place also known as paradise. I work at the US Naval Postgraduate School, as chairman of one of the largest operations research departments in the country. I completed my PhD degree in OR here at Georgia Tech, in 1975. John White (then new to Tech, now Chancellor of the University of Arkansas) gave me the kernel of an idea and, more importantly, he administered the one stiff kick in the rump that I needed to start my dissertation. From then on, I was nurtured and guided by Donovan Young. The Don – don’t ask me why, but I remember graduate students referring to Professor Young as "the Don" – was in many ways the old fashioned, romantic ideal of a college professor. He was so smart, he was so energetic and entertaining, and he was incredibly attentive to students’ needs and interests. He cared about the currency and applicability of what he taught, preparing new notes for each class, devising extremely inventive homework and test problems, always dreaming up new applications. He cared not only about the students’ learning. He cared about them as people. He had passion and compassion. Let me talk about his intellect. Does anyone remember having a childhood fantasy about spying on your elementary school teachers out of school? Usually, those fantasies involved some role reversal. I’ll confess to a fantasy I imagined as a 24-year-old graduate student. I dreamt that all the professors of Georgia Tech’s Industrial and Systems Engineering department were locked in a classroom taking a comprehensive exam. This exam covered every ISyE subject at a fundamental level, and each problem demanded clever insight and creativity. The rules of engagement were simple: closed-book, no time limit, you can’t leave till every question is answered correctly. Got the picture? Quite a scene. Well, guess who left the room first? Yes, I think Don was that smart. My image of the scene even includes the Don’s exit: can’t you picture that big bear of a man who somehow managed to move with lightness, his eyes sparkling, a big Texas grin on his face, and he’s whistling! Has there ever been another person on this planet who could whistle two tunes at a time, out of both sides of his mouth, harmoniously? You have to admit Don’s physicality was impressive. And that voice! If a big Delta jet was flying over the old ISyE Building and Don was lecturing with the windows open, he would drown out the plane.

LOOKING AT THE PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

â€Å" Corporate Administration is the system by which concern corporations are directed and controlled. The corporate administration construction specifies the distribution of rights and duties among different participants in the corporation, such as, the board, directors, stockholders and other stakeholders, and spells out regulations and processs for doing determinations on corporate personal businesss. By making this it besides provides the construction through which the company aims are set, and the agencies of achieving those aims and supervising public presentation. † â€Å" Corporate Administration can be described as a system of structuring, operating, and commanding a company with a position to accomplish long term strategic ends to fulfill stockholders, creditors, employees, clients, and providers with the legal and regulative demands, apart from run intoing environmental and local community demands. It leads to the edifice of a legal, commercial and institutional model. It besides demarcates the boundaries within which these maps are to be performed. †Need FOR CORPORATE GOVERNANCEAs we all know that in today ‘s scenario market forces are progressively replacing authorities controls, corporate administration is deriving prominence in a concern industry. Today corporate administration can be seen as a requirement for pulling financess from foreign establishments. Investors these yearss make certain that the company in which they are puting their principal is non merely decently managed but besides follow corporate administration. I t is regarded as a control mechanism that ensures the optimal usage of human, physical and fiscal resources for an endeavor. It addresses assorted issues faced by board of managers, top direction, proprietors, stakeholders and the society at big. Corporate administration patterns are a set of structural agreements that emerge in free market economic systems to aline the direction of companies with the involvement of their stockholders, stakeholders and the society at big. Corporate administration aims to turn to three basic issues: Ethical Issues Efficiency Issues Accountability Issues Ethical Issues as the name suggests relates to the job of moralss in concern. Corporations employ deceitful agencies to accomplish their goals.In order to exercise force per unit area on the authorities to explicate public policies the companies form trusts which frequently go against the involvement of the populace. Companies in order to derive trueness from clients may give payoffs or offer gifts to possible clients. Efficiency Issues are concerned with the public presentation of the direction. Management is responsible for guaranting sensible returns on investing made by stockholders. The issues associating to efficiency of direction is of involvement to the stockholders as their return on investing is at interest. Accountability Issues relate to the stockholders need for transparence of direction in the behavior of the concern. Features of corporate administration: Discipline Transparency Independence Accountability Duty Fairness Social ResponsibilityPRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE:Rights and just intervention of stockholders: Organizations should esteem the rights of stockholders and in bend encourage stockholders to exert their rights. They can assist stockholders exert their rights by efficaciously pass oning information which is in an apprehensible signifier to them and promoting stockholders to take part actively in general meetings. Interests of other stakeholders: Organizations should acknowledge that they have legal and other duties towards all legitimate stakeholders such as the creditors, providers, employees etc. Disclosure and transparence: Organizations should clear up and do publically known all the facts and findings so as to supply stockholders with a degree of answerability. They should besides implement policies and processs to verify and safeguard the unity of the company ‘s fiscal studies. Disclosure of material facts refering the organisation should be seasonably and balanced to guarantee that all investors have entree to unclutter, factual information. Functions and duties of board: The board needs a batch of accomplishments and understanding to be able to cover with assorted ethical issues. It needs to hold a degree of committedness to carry through its duties and responsibilities. There are issues about the appropriate mix of executive and non-executive managers within a company. Integrity and ethical behavior: Ethical and responsible determination devising is non merely of import for public dealingss, but it is besides an of import component in hazard direction. Organizations should raise a codification of behavior for their managers and top direction that promotes ethical and responsible determination devising at all degrees of the organisation. Many organisations have besides establishedA Compliance and Ethics ProgramsA to minimise the hazard that the house goes against the ethical and legal boundaries.Issues affecting corporate administration include:internal controls and internal audits regulations sing readying of the company ‘s fiscal statements dividendA policy the independency of the entity ‘s external hearers and the quality of their audits efficient usage of resources made available to managers in transporting out their duties direction of hazard reappraisal of the compensation for the main executive officer and other senior executives the procedure of nominations of persons for places on the boardCASES ON CORPORATE Administration:Corporate GOVERNANCE AT THE BODY SHOPIntroduction:Anita Roddick is the laminitis of The Body Shop. She is one of the celebrated personalities who is engaged in Ethical Consumerism. She is actively involved in runs for environmental and societal issues including the runs such as Greenpeace and the Big Issue ( 2007 ) , Hepatitis C. She is an enthusiastic individual who takes an initial duty to do a vision to go a success and is a positive mind and an first-class determination shaper. The Body Shop is a world-wide known British concatenation of cosmetics shops. It was taken over by Gallic Cosmetics group L'Oreal in 2006. The Body Shop is distinguished for selling its ain line of merchandises which are produced in an eco friendly mode and are non tested on animate beings. The Body Shop considers the construct of corporate administration as their competitory advantage. Anita Roddick who is the caput of the determination doing organic structure of the company creates a value system non merely in selling its merchandises but besides in keeping a important relationship with all its stakeholders. The company has established a decently structured model in order to cover with corporate affairs. It has established a proper structured plan which is reinforced by company policies and other processs for proper counsel of the managers in transporting out their day-to-day responsibilities. The company has a clear mention usher to its concern operations and corporate administrat ion. This includes the care of the criterions with regard to the corporate administration in the corporation ‘s different sectors. The Board of the company consists of 10 managers out of which two are executive while six are non executive due to which there is a just division of duties among them. The board is in charge of taking attention of the company ‘s operations, assets, and its stockholders with a position of maximising public presentation. The Board conducts a monthly reappraisal of the company ‘s concerns in relation to its fiscal motions in order to guarantee the house ‘s competent operations. The company jurisprudence obliges the board of managers to carefully fix each twelvemonth, a fiscal study that needs to be accurate and dependable reflecting the true province of the company. The Board of Directors are besides responsible for the proper guardianship of accounting statements and guarantee that these records are precise and true. It is besides vested with the duty of safeguarding the company ‘s other assets every bit good as doing the necessary stairss in order to forestall complications such as fraud and other types of hazards. Apart from the board there are other commissions which are formed which have a well-established mention usher which besides discusses their responsibilities and their range of authorization within the corporation. The wage commission handles the lineation for the company ‘s wage policy which would be reviewed by the board. Furthermore, this group is besides responsible for the assorted wage bundles that are offered to the executive managers. The audit commission makes proper recommendations with respects to the company ‘s accounting policies every bit good as supervising fiscal control within the corporation. The company besides has a clear codification of moralss and all employees must conform to this codification. The codification of moralss includes a struggle of involvement policy to guarantee that cardinal corporate determinations are taken by persons who do non hold a fiscal involvement in the result separate from their involvement as company functionaries. The comp any besides proctors conformity with the jurisprudence and the planetary fiscal policies and patterns in the country of internal controls, fiscal accounting and coverage, fiducial answerability and safeguarding of corporate assets.Effects OF PRACTICING CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AT THE BODY SHOPWith respect to the entrepreneurship patterns followed by Anita Roddick, the company has been able to accomplish complete control of all the affairs refering the company and its stakeholders. The ego doggedness and duty to the responsibilities by all the employees of the company and their obeisance to the company Torahs and ordinances all of which have contributed to the development of the corporation as a whole. The Board has changeless belief in the fact that that all the informations pertaining to the fiscal information and other facts sing their operations that are presently being practiced are dependable. The authorization of the Board is clearly recognized within the company because of which it is able to hold a solid clasp on the corporation ‘s existent operations, stakeholders and its fiscal concerns. The well defined construction of the organisation and the committedness of the board towards the stakeholders and the community has proved the fact that the organisation can manage both its ethical and legal duties expeditiously. The company maintains good dealingss and unfastened communications with its investors. The stockholders are on a regular basis invited by the company on a regular footing to discourse trade updates. Furthermore, in one-year general meetings investors besides get an chance to run into the Board members. Private investors can entree the company ‘s web site for assorted services. The company has a good consideration for all its stakeholders be it past, present, or hereafter. There seems to be a really good defined model in the house ‘s corporate division. It has policies and processs with respect to fiscal affairs and operational concerns. Its processs for measuring different sorts of state of affairss that come up is surely good defined. Furthermore, they have ever maintained good dealingss with their stakeholders. And eventually, The Board ‘s authorization has ever remained unexcelled. Clearly, the above mentioned points turn out the strength of the company ‘s corporate administration construction. The failing of this instance is the fact that one can non ever be assured that there are no losingss or other mistakes which may ensue from errors and incompatibilities by one of the commissions or employees involved. In add-on, due to the presence of diverse cultural beliefs there can be internal jobs between the members. There are times when the stockholder is non given adequate information about the position of the company, particularly if that stockholder which holds a little portion in the concern. This happens when the board of managers do non supply value to their stockholders. Other negative facet includes the restriction of fiscal coverage processs which may decidedly ensue in uneffective corporate governance.AEthical motive AT THE BODY SHOPMotto: â€Å" Nature ‘s manner to Beautiful † Body store has invariably sought out fantastic natural ingredients from all across its Earth and strives to protect this beautiful planet and the people who depend on it. The Body Shop believes that concern has the power to do the right sort of difference to the universe. This rule allows all clients round the Earth to go militants The first cosmetics company to beginning harvested palm oil and present the ingredient into the beauty industry, working in partnership with a certified organic manufacturer in Colombia, in 2007. In 2008 debut of 100 % PCR bottles ( post consumer recycled ) Community Trade plan creates sustainable merchandising relationships with deprived communities around the Earth and provides indispensable income to more than 25,000 people. The Body Shop continues to raise consciousness and support for adult females across the universe affected by domestic force in 2008. Launch of Stop Violence In The Home run runs in more than 55 states and has raised more than US $ 4 million. In 2008campaign to raise consciousness of HIV and AIDS among immature people, working with MTV Networks International was carried on. The Body Shop has committed to go Carbon Neutral by 2010, guaranting that C dioxide emanations from the company ‘s nucleus retail concern worldwide are reduced to a big extent. The Company is committed to merchandising ethically. The sourcing squad is trained in ethical audits and trade with providers who abide by the Code of Conduct for Suppliers.Corporate GOVERNANCE AT NESTLENestle is committed to the following Business Principles in assorted states it operates in, taking into history all the local statute laws predominating within that peculiar state, cultural and spiritual patterns: Nestle ‘s concern aims, and that of direction and employees at all degrees, is fabricating and marketing the Company ‘s merchandises in such a manner so as to make value that can be sustained over the long term for stockholders, employees, consumers, concern spouses and all the other stakeholders. Nestle does n't prefer short-run net income at the disbursal of successful long-run concern development, but recognizes the demand to make healthy net income every twelvemonth in order to keep the support of our stockholders, maintain them content, and the fiscal markets, and to finance investings. Nestle recognizes that its consumers have a sincere and legitimate involvement in the behaviour, beliefs and actions of the Company behind trade names in which they have their trust, and that without its consumers the Company would non hold come into being. Nestle believes that statute law is most effectual precaution of responsible behavior. Nestle is witting of the fact that the success of a company is a contemplation of the professionalism, behavior and the responsible attitude of its direction and the employees working in that company. Therefore, enlisting of the right people at the right clip and preparation and development are the critical factors in any company ‘s success. Nestle operates in assorted states and in many civilizations throughout the universe. The rich diverseness is a really valuable beginning for a company ‘s direction.National Legislations and International RecommendationsNestle emphasizes that its employees must stay by the Torahs applicable in the states in which it operates. Nestle ensures that the highest criterions of responsible behavior towards its client and the society are met throughout the organisation, by following with the Nestle Corporate Business Principles, which guides the Company ‘s activities and relationships worldwide in each sector of concern involvement. The company supports and widely advocates the United Nations Global Compact and its 10 rules, an enterprise of the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Global Compact asks the companies to take up, support and enact, within their domain of influence, a set of nucleus values in the countries of human rights, the international labor criterions and the environment. The company besides recognizes the fact that increasing globalisation is taking to the development of more and more international recommendations. Although, as a regulation, these recommendations are addressed to authoritiess, they doubtless impact the concern patterns. Among others, Nestle has incorporated relevant International Labour Organization Conventions, and the International ( WHO ) Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes into its policies. Nestle endorses relevant committednesss and recommendations for voluntary self-regulation issued by competent companies in the same sector, provided they have been developed in full audience with the parties concerned. These include the International Chamber of Commerce ( ICC ) Business Charter for Sustainable Development. Besides, Nestle uses the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, approved in June 2000, as a mention point for its Corporate Business Principles.Corporate GOVERNANCE FAILURESWORLDCOM BANKRUPCYWorldCom the universe ‘s 2nd largest telecommunication company had filed for bankruptcy in the twelvemonth 2002 in Manhattan after the revelation of monolithic accounting abnormalities. The divergences from corporate behavior happened because of the Board of managers who failed to acknowledge, and to cover efficaciously with, maltreatments reflecting what was identified as a â€Å" civilization of greed † within the corporation ‘s top direction. Others resulted from a failure of responsible individuals within the company to carry through their fiducial duties to stockholders. Another lending factor was a deficiency of transparence between senior direction and the Company ‘s Board of Directors. There was a complete dislocation of corporate administration. The cheques and balances intended to forestall error and abnormalities failed to run. The cheques did n't balance and the balances did n't fit. The existent fraud which took topographic point in WorldCom consisted of a figure of â€Å" topside accommodations † to accounting entries to shore up up worsening net incomes. Largely these comprised of improper drawdowns of militias accumulated from its acquisition plan and other beginnings and improper capitalisation of costs which should hold been expensed for. While WorldCom has non completed the restatement of its financials, the company overstated its income by about $ 11 billion, overstated its balance sheet by about $ 75 billion and, as a consequence, caused losingss in the stockholder value of every bit much as $ 250 billion, a important sum of which affected the employee retirement financess. During the 1990s, favourable market positions of WorldCom was sustained by a series of acquisitions. The company was in an almost-constant acquisition during this period. This generated great force per unit area to maintain the stock monetary values high in order to fuel the acquisition fling and to supply moneymaking cash-outs for executive stock options. To make this, the company had to run into Wall Street ‘s net incomes outlooks, but when, in 2000, a proposed amalgamation with Sprint was disapproved by the authorities and the telecommunications roar came to an terminal, WorldCom net incomes began to steal. Management foremost sought to use its aggressive accounting techniques to better its gnawing fiscal image. But when these were exhausted, the direction resorted to false entries to bring forth what could portray as echt net incomes and enable them to do the Numberss and sustain the image of a company go oning to run into Wall Street ‘s net incomes marks. As a conseq uence, during the last 13 quarters prior to bankruptcy, the Company systematically reported that it met those marks, but the fact was it missed them in 11 out of 13 of those quarters and, in the last four quarters, really should hold reported losingss. The balloon eventually collapsed in 2002 when internal hearers eventually fingered significant impropernesss and the top functionaries were fired or resigned, net incomes were restated, SEC and condemnable probes had been initiated which resulted in bankruptcy. The company ‘s attack to trades was wholly adhoc and with small meaningful or consistent strategic planning. The board used to O.K. billion dollar trades with no treatment or really less treatments. WorldCom direction or the Board of Directors ne'er even bothered to supervise the Company ‘s debt degree and its ability to fulfill its outstanding duties. WorldCom ‘s issue of more than $ 25 billion in debt securities in the four old ages predating its bankruptcy was clearly facilitated by its immense accounting fraud which allowed it to falsely stand for itself as creditworthy. The Board once more passively used to acquire the proposals approved through consentaneous consent declarations which were adopted with really small or no treatment. The compensation commission of the Board agreed to supply tremendous loans and a separate guarantee for Mr. Ebbers ( manager ) without ab initio informing the full Board or taking appropriate stairss to protect the Company. The Board was besides considered at mistake for non raising any inquiries about the loans following, without meaningful consideration, the recommendations of the compensation commission. Another ground was the absence of internal controls as a cause of this fiasco was the deficiency of transparence between senior direction and the Board of Directors at WorldCom. A civilization and internal procedures that discourage or forbid scrutiny and comprehensive inquiring are engendering evidences for deceitful misbehaviors. In conformity with the accounting abnormalities, these defects created the semblance that WorldCom was far more healthy and successful than it really was. The audit commission of the Board failed to invent a work program with the internal hearers and the outside comptrollers. The internal audit operation within the company was intentionally diverted off from scrutinizing duties and forced to concentrate upon increased efficiencies and cost film editing alternatively of internal policy framing. Furthermore, it was short-handed, underpaid and under-qualified for transporting out a responsible internal audit map. The company unsuitably styled some $ 20 billion deserving duties by its subordinates to itself as alleged â€Å" royalties † for what WorldCom designated as â€Å" direction foresight † that is, the subordinates were supposed to hold the advantage of WorldCom ‘s â€Å" direction foresight † for which they would pay a fine-looking fee. These â€Å" royalty † sums were accounted in a manner that drastically reduced the nonexempt income of certain WorldCom subordinates for province revenue enhancement intents. However, these sums, while they were accrued, were ne'er really paid to WorldCom.Reasons for prostration:Non conformity to Serbanes-Oxley Act Board lacked sufficient information to carry through its duties. WorldCom ‘s civilization was non by and large supportive of a strong legal map which prevented advocate from run intoing their duties to their corporate clients. Improperly aggressive accounting schemes were proposed by direction. With its ain overambitious schemes and flawed accounting, WorldCom besides fell victim to a oversupply of telecommunications capacity. Cheap and plentiful funding allowed companies quickly to construct transcontinental and transoceanic fibre ocular webs in the 1990 ‘s. The extra capacity resulted in lower monetary values for WorldCom ‘s services, which include phone service and the transmittal of Internet informations for immense companies. The filing for bankruptcy would alleviate WorldCom of approximately $ 2 billion of involvement payments in the coming following twelvemonth. Lower debt costs allowed WorldCom to vie on a stronger bridgehead with its challengers, affecting a likely price-cutting policy refering about the wider strength of the telecommunications industry. In April 2004, WorldCom emerged from bankruptcy and changed its name to MCI, which it acquired in 1998. Ironically, holding shed $ 36 billion in debt, WorldCom emerged from bankruptcy with a improved balance sheet than most of its rivals. It besides wound up with a corporate name respected for its radical attempts in telecom.A Corporate GOVERNANCE FAILURE AT ENRON On December 2, 2001 Enron, the so 7th largest corporation in US had filed for bankruptcy. It resulted in one million millions of dollars being lost, 1000s of people losing their occupations, and a big sum of employee ‘s retirement nest eggs had been wiped out. Billions of U.S. dollars had been concealed in the balance sheet of the company which had overstated its income by $ 600 million. The public presentation inducements created a clime where employees were required to bring forth net income at the disbursal of the company ‘s declared criterions of moralss and strategic ends. Enron had all the constructions and mechanisms for working towards good corporate administration. In add-on, it had besides framed a policy for corporate societal duty and a sensible codification of behavior on security, human rights, societal investing and public battle. Yet the job occurred as no 1 followed the codification. Impact on the Company ‘s Finance: Decreasing investor assurance ( negative ) Retreat to simpleness & A ; easy to understand theoretical accounts ( positive and negative ) . Increased call for corporate transparence ( positive ) . Review of hearer and adviser relationships ( positive and negative ) . Tax return to financial conservativism and patterns ( positive and negative ) Name for increased ordinance and examination ( positive and negative ) . Political radioactive dust on all degrees ( negative ) . The Board was found to hold failed in its responsibilities in the undermentioned countries: Fiduciary failure Bad accounting Inappropriate struggles of involvement Extensive undisclosed off the books activities Excessive compensation to the managers Lack of independency The job started off when the board of managers allowed the direction openly to go against the codification, peculiarly when it allowed the CFO to function in the particular purpose entities ( SPEs ) and besides the audit commission suspected false accounting patterns but still it made no effort to analyze the SPE minutess. So the hearers failed to forestall questionable accounting. Failure of Enron resulted as a consequence of a struggle of involvements that occurred the directors to move at the disbursal of the stockholders. Internal control steps besides failed to work. The action taken by Enron made a false visual aspect by misdirecting the market by demoing greater creditworthiness and fiscal stableness. Even after Enron ‘s failure the market for barters and derived functions worked without any breaks and worked as expected. The market did what it was expected to make i.e. to utilize repute as a agency for supervising market participants. Hearers failed because of non keeping their unity and independency in their working. The hearers commission had to proactively map and supervise the determinations to guarantee that a realistic position is presented to the users of the fiscal statements of the company. Enron created partnerships with nominally independent companies, some of which were offshore. This was fundamentally done to befog debt exposure and allegedly to cover losingss at Enron ‘s entity. Enron ‘s board members were misinformed and mislead. The significant information about Enron ‘s programs and activities were hidden from the board. The board had nevertheless failed in its oversight responsibilities. High hazard accounting policies were being followed. The company was found to be in non conformity of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Enron ‘s multi-billion dollar, off-the-books activity was disclosed to the Enron Board members and received Board blessing as an expressed scheme to better Enron ‘s fiscal statements. In fact, Enron ‘s monolithic off the books activity could non hold taken topographic point without Board action to set up new particular purpose entities, issue preferred Enron portions, and pledge Enron stock as the collateral needed for the trades to travel frontward. In the terminal, the Board knowingly allowed Enron to travel at least $ 27 billion or about 50 per centum of its assets off balance sheet. Enron ‘s board failed in its fiducial responsibility to guarantee equal public revelation of its assets and liabilities. None of the board members objected to this corporate scheme. Enron provided its executives with unreasonable munificent compensation. Stock options were distributed to all the executives in big Numberss. It was argued that the company used to make this in order to pull and retain the good executives.

Prehistoric Life During the Cenozoic Era